BioMasterProkaryotic vs eukaryotic cell: differences
The first big cell classification. Prokaryote–eukaryote difference in a table, what they share, and the trap that always shows up on the exam.
Direct answer: A prokaryotic cell has NO nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles: its (circular) DNA floats free in the nucleoid. A eukaryotic cell DOES have a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, ER, Golgi). Prokaryotes are small (bacteria and archaea); eukaryotes are larger (animals, plants, fungi, protists).
Comparison table
| Feature | Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleus | No (nucleoid) | Yes, membrane-bound |
| DNA | Circular, free | Linear, with histones |
| Membrane organelles | No | Yes (mitochondria, ER, Golgi…) |
| Ribosomes | 70S | 80S (70S in mitochondria/chloroplast) |
| Size | 1–10 µm | 10–100 µm |
| Cell wall | Yes (peptidoglycan in bacteria) | Only plants (cellulose) and fungi (chitin) |
| Examples | Bacteria, archaea | Animals, plants, fungi, protists |
What do they share?
Both have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and DNA as genetic material. The key difference is compartmentalization: eukaryotes enclose their DNA and processes in membrane-bound organelles.
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Study Biology free on BioMasterFrequently asked questions
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
The prokaryotic cell has no nucleus or membrane organelles; the eukaryotic cell has a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What do they have in common?
Both have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and DNA.
Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Bacteria (and archaea) are prokaryotic: they have no defined nucleus.