BioMasterCell organelles and their functions
The cell's 'who's who'. Each organelle with its function in a table, to memorize before the exam.
Direct answer: Organelles are internal structures with specific functions: the nucleus stores DNA, the mitochondrion produces ATP, the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins and lipids, the Golgi apparatus packages, lysosomes digest and ribosomes make proteins.
Table of organelles and functions
| Organelle | Function |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | Stores DNA and controls the cell. |
| Mitochondrion | Produces ATP (cellular respiration). |
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Protein synthesis (has ribosomes). |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Lipid synthesis, detoxification. |
| Golgi apparatus | Modifies, packages and distributes. |
| Lysosomes | Cellular digestion (enzymes). |
| Ribosomes | Make proteins (translation). |
| Chloroplast (plants) | Photosynthesis. |
Exam trap: ribosomes have NO membrane. And the mitochondrion and chloroplast have a double membrane and their own DNA (endosymbiotic theory): that is why they are considered special.
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Study Biology free on BioMasterFrequently asked questions
Which organelle produces energy?
The mitochondrion, which produces ATP through cellular respiration.
Which organelle makes proteins?
The ribosomes (often associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum).
Which organelles have their own DNA?
The mitochondrion and the chloroplast, due to their endosymbiotic origin.