BioMasterBiomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
The four molecules of life, summarized. Each with its monomer, its function and its examples, plus the classic trap about lipids.
Direct answer: The four organic biomolecules are: carbohydrates (quick energy; monomer: monosaccharide), lipids (energy storage and membranes), proteins (structure and function; monomer: amino acid) and nucleic acids (genetic information; monomer: nucleotide).
Table of the 4 biomolecules
| Biomolecule | Monomer | Function | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | Monosaccharide | Quick energy, structure | Glucose, starch, cellulose |
| Lipids | (do not form polymers) | Energy storage, membranes | Fats, phospholipids, cholesterol |
| Proteins | Amino acid | Structure, enzymes, transport | Enzymes, hemoglobin, collagen |
| Nucleic acids | Nucleotide | Store and express information | DNA, RNA |
The bonds that join them
Monomers join by dehydration synthesis (water is released): the glycosidic bond (carbohydrates), peptide bond (proteins) and phosphodiester bond (nucleic acids). Lipids use ester bonds between glycerol and fatty acids.
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Study Biology free on BioMasterFrequently asked questions
What are the 4 biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
What is the monomer of each one?
Carbohydrates: monosaccharide; proteins: amino acid; nucleic acids: nucleotide. Lipids do not form true polymers.
Which biomolecule gives energy fastest?
Carbohydrates (like glucose) are the quick energy source; lipids are long-term storage.